Of Mice And Men Essays (459 words) - English-language Films

Of Mice And Men Essay "Of Mice and Men" was written bye John Steinbeck and is a fictional book. "Of Mice and Men" is a book about two life long friends named George and Lennie. They go to a farm to do some farm work after having to run away from their old town Weed. In their new farm, they meet many people including Curley, a little boxer guy who hates big guys like Lennie, and Curley's wife, who is a tart. Lennie and George have many grand adventures on the farm, but one day while George is out playing horseshoes, Lennie accidentally kills Curley's wife. Lennie runs away but when the guys come back to find Curley's wife dead, George is forced to kill his friend. The four people responsible for Lennie's death are George, Curley's wife, Lennie, and Curley. The person most responsible for Lennie's death is George. The reasons why I think this is mainly because George shot Lennie in the end of the book. Also George left Lennie alone in the barn giving Curley's wife a chance to come and talk to him, and that is when Lennie killed her. George should have given Lennie more instructions on what he was supposed to do while George was out with his friends. The second most responsible for Lennie's death is Curley's wife. The reasons why I think this is because she provoked Lennie into talking to her and into petting her hair. She was lonely and wanted someone to talk to, but she also was very flirtatious with Lennie. When she yelled she scared Lennie which made him hold on to her neck harder. Curley's wife shouldn't have been flirting and seeking other men while she had a husband. The third most responsible person for Lennie's death is Lennie himself. The reason I think this is because Lennie killed Curley's wife, which made George have to kill Lennie. He also has no control over his strength since he was retarded, which is another reason why he died. And more importantly he disobeyed George by talking to Curley's wife, which George told him absolutely not to do. The last responsible person for Lennie's death was Curley. Curley was very mean to Lennie and was picking on him for only the reason that Lennie was bigger than Curley. Curley was also very possessive over his wife, which lead her to look for other men. He treated his wife like a possession, which she also didn't like and made her talk Lennie. In conclusion, the four people responsible for Lennie's death are George, Lennie, Curley's wife, and Curley. As I said before in each of their paragraphs, every person had a little bit to do with his death. Like how George shot Lennie, Curley's wife lead Lennie on, a man too dumb to know what to do, Lennie gave in to the temptations, and Curley lead his wife to lead on Lennie.

Mass Murder at Babi Yar Ravine

Mass Murder at Babi Yar Ravine Before there were gas chambers, the Nazis used guns to kill Jews and others in large numbers during the Holocaust. Babi Yar, a ravine located just outside of  Kiev, was the site where  the Nazis  murdered approximately 100,000 people. The killing began with a large group on September 29-30, 1941, but continued for months. The German Takeover After the Nazis attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, they pushed east. By September 19, they had reached Kiev. It was a confusing time for the inhabitants of Kiev. Though a large portion of the population had family either in the Red Army or had evacuated into the interior of the Soviet Union, many inhabitants welcomed the German Armys takeover of Kiev. Many believed the Germans would free them from Stalins oppressive regime. Within days they would see the true face of the invaders. Explosions Looting began immediately. Then the Germans moved into Kievs downtown on Kreshchatik Street. On September 24 - five days after the Germans entered Kiev - a bomb exploded around four oclock in the afternoon at the German headquarters. For days, bombs exploded in buildings in the Kreshchatik that had been occupied by Germans. Many Germans and civilians were killed and injured. After the war, it was determined that a group of NKVD members was left behind by the Soviets to offer some resistance against the conquering Germans. But during the war, the Germans decided it was the work of Jews, and retaliated for the bombings against the Jewish population of Kiev. The Notice By the time the bombings finally stopped on September 28, the Germans already had a plan for retaliation. On this day, the Germans posted a notice all over town that read: All [Jews] living in the city of Kiev and its vicinity are to report by 8 oclock on the morning of Monday, September 29th, 1941, at the corner of Melnikovsky and Dokhturov Streets (near the cemetery). They are to take with them documents, money, valuables, as well as warm clothes, underwear, etc. Any [Jew] not carrying out this instruction and who is found elsewhere will be shot. Any civilian entering flats evacuated by [Jews] and stealing property will be shot. Most people in town, including the Jews, thought this notice meant deportation. They were wrong. Reporting for Deportation On the morning of September 29, tens of thousands of Jews arrived at the appointed location. Some arrived extra early in order to ensure themselves a seat on the train. Most waited hours in this crowd - only slowly moving toward what they thought was a train. The Front of the Line Soon after people passed through the gate into the Jewish cemetery, they reached the front of the mass of people. Here, they were to leave their baggage. Some in the crowd wondered how they would be reunited with their possessions; some believed it would be sent in a luggage van. The Germans were counting out only a few people at a time and then letting them move farther on. Machine-gun fire could be heard nearby. For those that realized what was happening and wanted to leave, it was too late. There was a barricade staffed by Germans who were checking identification papers of those wanting out. If the person was Jewish, they were forced to remain. In Small Groups Taken from the front of the line in groups of ten, they were led to a corridor, about four or five feet wide, formed by rows of soldiers on each side.  The soldiers were holding sticks and would hit the Jews as they went by. There was no question of being able to dodge or get away. Brutal blows, immediately drawing blood, descended on their heads, backs and shoulders from left and right. The soldiers kept shouting: Schnell, schnell! laughing happily, as if they were watching a circus act; they even found ways of delivering harder blows in the more vulnerable places, the ribs, the stomach and the groin. Screaming and crying, the Jews exited the corridor of soldiers onto an area overgrown with grass.  Here they were ordered to undress. Those who hesitated had their clothes ripped off them by force, and were kicked and struck with knuckledusters or clubs by the Germans, who seemed to be drunk with fury in a sort of sadistic rage. 7 Babi Yar Babi Yar is the name of a ravine in the northwestern section of Kiev. A. Anatoli described the ravine as enormous, you might even say majestic: deep and wide, like a mountain gorge. If you stood on one side of it and shouted you would scarcely be heard on the other.8 It was here that the Nazis shot the Jews. In small groups of ten, the Jews were taken along the edge of the ravine. One of the very few survivors remembers she looked down and her head swam, she seemed to be so high up. Beneath her was a sea of bodies covered in blood. Once the Jews were lined up, the Nazis used a machine-gun to shoot them. When shot, they fell into the ravine. Then the next were brought along the edge and shot. According to the Einsatzgruppe Operational Situation Report No. 101, 33,771 Jews were killed at  Babi Yar  on September 29 and 30.10  But this was not the end of the killing at Babi Yar. More Victims The Nazis next rounded up Gypsies and killed them at Babi Yar. Patients of the Pavlov Psychiatric Hospital were gassed and then dumped into the ravine. Soviet prisoners of war were brought to the ravine and shot. Thousands of other civilians were killed at Babi Yar for trivial reasons, such as a mass shooting in retaliation for just one or two people breaking a Nazi order. The killing continued for months at Babi Yar. It is estimated that 100,000 people were murdered there. Babi Yar: Destroying the Evidence By mid-1943, the Germans were on the retreat; the Red Army was advancing west. Soon, the Red Army would liberate Kiev and its surroundings. The Nazis, in an effort to hide their guilt, tried to destroy evidence of their killings - the mass graves at Babi Yar. This was to be a gruesome job, so they had prisoners do it. The Prisoners Not knowing why they had been chosen, 100 prisoners from the Syretsk concentration camp (near Babi Yar) walked toward Babi Yar thinking they were to be shot. They were surprised when Nazis attached shackles onto them. Then surprised again when the Nazis gave them dinner. At night, the prisoners were housed in a cave-like hole cut into the side of the ravine. Blocking the entrance/exit was an enormous gate, locked with a large padlock. A wooden tower faced the entrance, with a machine-gun aimed at the entrance to keep watch over the prisoners. 327 prisoners, 100 of whom were Jews, were chosen for this horrific work. The Ghastly Work On August 18, 1943, the work began. The prisoners were divided into brigades, each with its own part of the cremation process. Digging:  Some prisoners had to dig into the mass graves. Since there were numerous mass graves at Babi Yar, most had been covered with dirt. These prisoners removed the top layer of dirt in order to expose the corpses.Hooking:  Having fallen into the pit after having been shot and having been underground for up to two years, many of the bodies had twisted together and were difficult to remove from the mass. The Nazis had constructed a special tool to disentangle and pull/drag the corpses. This tool was metal with one end shaped into a handle and the other shaped into a hook.The prisoners who had to pull the corpses out of the grave would place the hook under the corpses chin and pull - the body would follow the head. Sometimes the bodies were so firmly stuck together that two or three of them came out with one hook. It was often necessary to hack them apart with axes, and the lower layers had to be dynamited several times. The Nazis drank vodka to drown out the smell and the scenes; the prisoners werent even allowed to wash their hands.Removing Valuables:  After the bodies were pulled out of the mass grave, a few prisoners with pliers would search the victims mouths for gold. Other prisoners would remove clothing, boots, etc. from the bodies. (Though the Jews had been forced to undress before they were killed, later groups were often shot fully clothed.)Cremating the Bodies:  After the bodies had been checked for valuables, they were to be cremated. The pyres were carefully constructed for efficiency. Granite tombstones were brought from the nearby Jewish cemetery and laid flat on the ground. Wood was then stacked on top of it. Then the first layer of bodies was carefully laid on top of the wood so that their heads were on the outside. The second layer of bodies was then carefully placed on the first, but with the heads on the other side. Then, the prisoners placed more wood. And again, another lay er of bodies was placed on top - adding layer after layer. Approximately 2,000 bodies would be burned at the same time. To start the fire, gasoline was doused over the pile of bodies. The [stokers] got the fire going underneath and also carried burning torches along the rows of projecting heads. The hair, soaked in oil [gasoline], immediately burst into bright flame - that was why they had arranged the heads that way. Crushing the Bones:  The ashes from the pyre were scooped up and brought to another group of prisoners. Large pieces of bone that had not burned in the fire needed to be crushed to fully destroy the evidence of Nazi atrocities. Jewish tombstones were taken from the nearby cemetery to crush the bones. Prisoners then passed the ashes through a sieve, looking for large bone pieces that needed to be further crushed as well as searching for gold and other valuables. Planning an Escape The prisoners worked for six weeks at their gruesome task. Though they were exhausted, starving, and filthy, these prisoners still held on to life. There had been a couple of earlier escape attempts by individuals, after which, a dozen or more other prisoners were killed in retaliation. Thus, it was decided amongst the prisoners that the prisoners would have to escape as a group. But how were they to do this? They were hindered by shackles, locked in with a large padlock, and aimed at with a machine gun. Plus, there was at least one informer among them. Fyodor Yershov finally came up with a plan that would hopefully  would allow at least a few of the prisoners to reach safety. While working, the prisoners often found small items that the victims had brought with them to Babi Yar - not knowing they were to be murdered. Among these items were scissors, tools, and keys. The escape plan was to gather items that would help remove the shackles, find a key that would unlock the padlock, and find items that could be used to help them attack the guards. Then they would break their shackles, unlock the gate, and run past the guards, hoping to avoid being hit by machine-gun fire. This escape plan, especially in hindsight, seemed nearly impossible. Yet, the prisoners broke into groups of ten to search for the needed items. The group that was to search for the key to the padlock had to sneak and try hundreds of different keys in order to find the one that worked. One day, one of the few Jewish prisoners, Yasha Kaper, found a key that worked. The plan was almost ruined by an accident. One day, while working, an SS  man hit a prisoner. When the prisoner landed on the ground, there was a rattling sound. The SS man soon discovered that the prisoner was carrying scissors. The SS man wanted to know what the prisoner was planning on using the scissors for. The prisoner replied, I wanted to cut my hair. The SS man began to beat him while repeating the question. The prisoner could have easily revealed the escape plan, but did not. After the prisoner had lost  consciousness  he was thrown  onto  the fire. Having the key and other needed materials, the prisoners realized they needed to set a date for the escape. On September 29 one of the SS officers warned the prisoners that they were going to be killed the following day. The date for the escape was set for that night. The Escape Around two oclock that night, the prisoners tried to unlock the padlock. Though it took two turns of the key to  unlock  the lock, after the first turn, the lock made a noise which alerted the guards. The prisoners managed to make it back to their bunks before they were seen.   After the change in guard, the prisoners tried turning the lock  a second  turn. This time the lock did not make a noise and opened. The known informer was killed in his sleep. The rest of the prisoners were woken up and all worked on removing their shackles. The guards noticed the noise from the removal of the shackles and came to investigate. One prisoner thought quickly and told the guards that the prisoners were fighting over the potatoes that the guards had left in the bunker earlier. The guards thought this was funny and left. Twenty minutes later, the prisoners rushed out of the bunker en masse in an effort to escape. Some of the prisoners came upon guards and attacked them; others kept on running. The machine gun operator didnt want to shoot because, in the dark, he was afraid he would hit some of his own men. Out of all the prisoners, only 15 succeeded in escaping.

The Mohs Hardness of Coins

The Mohs Hardness of Coins The Mohs scale of mineral hardness consists of ten different minerals, but some other common objects can also be used: these include the fingernail (hardness 2.5), a steel knife or window glass (5.5), a steel file (6.5), and a penny. The penny has always been assigned a hardness of around 3. But we have conducted tests and found this is not true. The penny has changed in composition over the years since 1909 when the first Lincoln cent was issued. Its composition was specified as 95 percent copper and 5 percent tin plus zinc, an alloy classified as bronze. Except for the wartime year of 1943, pennies were bronze from 1909 until 1962. Pennies for the following 20 years were copper and zinc, technically brass rather than bronze. And in 1982 the proportions were reversed so that pennies today are 97.5 percent zinc surrounded by a thin, thin copper shell. Our test penny was from 1927, the original bronze formula. When we tested it with a new penny, neither scratched the other, so its clear that the hardness of pennies has not changed. Our penny would not scratch calcite unless we really bore down on it, but calcite (the standard for hardness 3) scratched the penny. In the interest of science, we tested a quarter, a dime and a nickel against the penny and against calcite. The quarter and dime were slightly softer than the penny and the nickel was slightly harder, but all were scratched by calcite. We did not experiment with silver coins, however, on a wild hunch, we tested an Indian head penny from 1908 and found that it scratched all the other objects and was not scratched in turn. So with that exception, all American coins do not scratch clear calcite without a lot of effort, whereas calcite scratches them fairly easily. This gives them a hardness less than 3, that is, 2.5, while an Indian head penny has a hardness greater than 3, that is, 3.5. The Indian head penny had the same nominal composition as the Lincoln penny, with zinc and tin combined making up 5 percent, but we suspect that the older penny had a little more tin. Maybe one penny isnt a fair test. Is there any reason to carry a penny around when the fingernail also is hardness 2.5? I think there are two: One, you may have soft nails; and two, you may prefer to scratch a penny rather than your nails. But the practical geologist should carry a nickel instead because in an emergency it can feed a parking meter.

Following Unethical Military Orders Research Paper

Following Unethical Military Orders - Research Paper Example In most cases the military discipline and effectiveness is based on the fact that they have to obey the orders that are given to them. The emphasis on military ethics can be seen with the recruits who are taught how to obey without question especially if the orders are from their superiors. There are serious consequences for members who do not adhere to the orders stated. In the military it is considered a crime not to obey the orders stated (Dream, 2011). Consider for instance the ethics of killing criminals which in most cases has been criticized by the public. This is because, they table their argument that it can never being right to use deadly forces to enhance law and order against people intentionally. It cannot be ignored that killing is always wrong since it is the responsibility of God to give and take life and not human beings. It is a sign of violating human dignity since statistics show that even the innocent people end up being victims. Military officers do not have a right to retaliate over their enemies. However, members of the military argue that killing in some cases is justified, especially as a form of defense. Power, security and economy are the great determinants of the international relations that exist among different countries. This is an implication that countries that have not fully stabilized their military institutions are likely to feel unsafe and this makes them want to establish the best economic relations with those that have a military stability (Mobley, 2009). The policy of cooperation is best underpinned by the realism theory that fosters national interest and security over ideological differences. The military ethical orders are an evolving inquiry. This means that experts are always looking and studying the past for purpose of understanding the future. In most countries, ethical policies in the military are considered to be those that are about the

To advise on a suitable investment portfolio and investment management Essay

To advise on a suitable investment portfolio and investment management strategy - Essay Example uilding, specifically of a denomination with an Episcopal hierarchy (such as the Roman Catholic Church or the Anglican churches), which serves as the central church of a bishopric. As cathedrals are often particularly impressive edifices, the term is sometimes also used loosely as a designation for any large important church. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral) For decades, the Wyechester Cathedral has been playing an important role in our society. Like every organization, it also needs funds to operate in an effective and efficient manner. Primarily, churches are the responsibly of our government to bear their expenses. But, generally, they receive donations from individuals and organizations to run their business. For the betterment of people and our society, the Wyechester Cathedral has been involved in several activities; it ties to focus on all the important aspects of our society such as environment, people, services, art and heritage. The Wyechester Cathedral raised an appeal for funding and received a significant amount of  £7 million in a short period. As soon as it received the funds, the cathedral has invested in a few very important projects that need to be started as soon as possible. The amount of the investment was  £3 million. Now, the cathedral only has  £4.5 million that need to be invested in a proper manner so that it can run their operations and bear the expenses, including the bishop’s palace expense, throughout the year. The church has also bought a building at an ideal location for its priceless collection of ancient books and manuscripts. The cost of the deal was  £1.8 million – a pretty low cost as compared to the current market value. In order to run its operation, the cathedral should have a solid investment portfolio to survive on its own. â€Å"A portfolio is merely a combination of resources. Portfolio theory illustrates how an investor can attain his best possible portfolio position. Portfolio theory is depends upon the statement

Critical success factors of cable tv (pay-tv) against other competitors in hong kong.

Critical success factors of cable tv (pay-tv) against other competitors in hong kong. Abstract In this proposal, we hope to learn the real business strategies though the finding from research. And try to give some suggestion for these companies to increase their sales and profit. There are the flows of the research proposal. First, to introduce the background of Pay-TV Limited and its industry. Let you have a basically knowledge of this industry in the pass and now. Secord, to list the objectives to help myself to achieve the proposal aim. Third, to have a critical review of relevant literature from books, articles, internet, or magazine. Discussing the business theory how to apply in the real business world, and in the case, we can see which strategies the company is using and what success factors here. Most important, what we can understand clearly the marketing strategies in a real situation from the result of the research. Additionally, to describe the research method which I had used. Including the data collection method, sampling method and the size of sample. By using questionnaire, 100 to150 people will be asked, in order to find out the competitive advantage of Cable TV. Relationship between factors (the quality of TV programme, the price, customer supporting service) and the attitude of people towards which Pay-TV will be found. Aim This works aims to point out the attractive and competition of Pay-TV and though the research to find out their success factors (competitive advantage with main competitor), and to treat the finding as business strategies learning. Besides, to provide some suggestions and evidences how to get more potential customers, in order to increase the sales and profit of these companies. Background Some may not understand why Pay-TV can exist in Hong Kong a long time and have a stable marketing share. In fact, the major choose to watch Free charge TV such as TVB and ATV. However, this free-charge TV programme can not satisfy some people. But, Pay-TV programme focus on this market, they produce special TV programme and buy copyright of overseas TV programme, which free-charge TV have not provided. Besides, another selling point of Pay TV is that provide sport direct seeding such as football and NBA. In recently years, the more fierce competition was caused by more and more pay-TV service Company had entry to this market. However, the Cable Pay-TV which was the first Limited successfully obtaining a Subscription Television Broadcasting Licence from the Government and can also maintain a stable marketing share these year. And its main competitor is NOW-TV which is subsidiary Company of PCCW. (REVIEW OF PAY TV MARKET) The following are the background of Cable Pay-TV and Now-TV. I-Cable The Pay-TV service is operated by Hong Kong Cable Television Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Group. The Group successfully obtaining a Subscription Television Broadcasting Licence from the Government in 1993 which Pay-TV service launched in the same year set the trend of multi-channel pay-television service for Hong Kong. Hong Kong Cable currently produces over 10,000 hours of programming a year, which is the largest television programs producer in Hong Kong. Throughout the years, it has successfully established a leading position in News, Movies and Sports television programming and will continue to introduce innovative local and international programmes for customers. (http://www.i-cable.com) Now TV Now TV is a 24-hour pay-TV service provider in Hong Kong. It is transmitted through the companys Netvigator broadband network via an IPTV service. It is transmitted through the companys Netvigator broadband network via an IPTV service, with a total of 175 channels, of which 156now Broadband TV Channels, including eight high-definition channels and 15 music channels and 19 pure TVB PAY VISION Channel, and another 17 categories and VOD service. Launched in September 2003, the service is operated by the leading Hong Kong fixed-line telecom operator PCCW, through its subsidiary, PCCW VOD Limited. As of June 2009, the user up to 990,002 1000, 700,005 of them in 1000 to paying customers. However, I-Cable is like to success maintain their market share against the challenge of Now TV. In order to know clearly the success factors of I-Cable (business strategies, promotion, price, the programme quality, supporting service) we need to ask a number of questions. (http://www.now-tv.com) CableTV VS Now TV Why people choose Pay-TV? What channel of people in contact Pay-TV? Which one is more famous? What is the relationship between factors and the attitude of people towards watch Cable-TV/Now-TV? How do people needs changing? Can Cable-TV/Now-TV meet these changing needs? The answer will be found in the following. Objective and research questions Below are the main points of the objectives of this research Study the general demographic of target customers. Study the TV watching behavior of customers. Determine the customers, performance on various kinds of TV Programme. Identify the reason of choosing Pay TV. Evaluate which attributes of Pay TV are important to customers. Identify which is the most effective promotion channel. Examine the channel people how to get the Pay-TV information. Examine the reasons why they buy Pay-TV services from that channel Examine the impact of price, sport direct seeding of customers towards Pay-TV. Examine the Supporting service of Pay-TV. Well analyze the market theories such as 7Ps of market strategies form the results of research. The answers of the above are based on the relevant literature, and the sampling interview. The all detail as follows. Critical review of relevant literature There are 5 parts of critical review, the first 4 parts are the finding form the relevant literature. The last 2 parts are the introduction of market strategy of them, and the review of this part. 1. The main difference between free-charge TV and Pay-TV According the literature, Free-charge TV offer mainly entertainment programme, and the major of programme are made by themselves. and their programme focuses on popular habit. However, Pay-TV offer over 100 overseas TV channel and Sport direct seeding, and some of this programme is information programme what offers professional knowledge, the information of special habit to people. (Kotler, P. and G. Armstrong (2008)) In these years, more and more people are willing to pay money watching Pay-TV. The reasons are easy to understand, the two local free-charge TV cant satisfy the people, and young people who aged around 20, their needs of watching TV are changing. In the pass, people treat TV as their main entertainment everyday. However, the young have much other entertainments, and they watch TV in order to watch sport competition, get information. It means Pay-TV still has a great potential market in the coming years. 2. The current competition of Pay-TV market in Hong Kong 3. The promotion strategies of two Pay-TV limited The promotion strategies of them is similar, their promotion focus the potential customers who have special needs such habit (cooking, religion, drama) or want to watch non-local TV programme (Discovery Channel, CC TV). And their promotion are also similar, the number of TV programme and sport direct seeding are their selling points. Now TV is more emphasize their promotion to attract the potential customer now, but Cable TV just keep quality of their original service. In fact, people used to watch Cable TV because their longer history and people know their quality of TV programme more. In marketing, Cable-TV is like a cash-cow, 4. The famous TV programme Cable TV has the excellent news TV programme, and English league direct seeding. It is one of the reasons why Cable TV can maintain market share. Although English league may be not the highest level football league (many people agree Spain league is becoming the highest league in recently years and the Spain league direct seeding is offered by Now-TV in the future 3 years.), However, anyone know that major of Hong Kong people like to watch English league more than others. Additionally, Cable TV has also the direct seeding of champions of league and World Cup in 2010. It is a great competitive advantage with Now-TV in this year and the coming 3 years. (The newest situation of people needs change) 5. The relationships between factors and the attitude of young people towards I-Cable/Now-TV There are some factor will influence young people how to choose which Pay-TV. a) Price(extend) Cable TV adopt non- selectivity Price(packaging of service), we need to buy a number of channel at the same time; Now TV offers selectivity Price, we can pay a basic free, then the extra-charge are based on each channel, but Now TV are also offer a price for the packaging of all services. According one news, a great number of people are unsatisfying because Cable TV increase the basic charge from $239 to $259, and the extra-charge of football direct seeding. (http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/091124/4/fbx5.html) b) Promotion c) Sport direct seeding (extend) It is one important factors why Cable TV success and they can increase the price in a bad economy. Cable TV spend a high cost to get the right of footfall direct seeding, and increase the price to cover the cost. It is their strategy. However, they may ignore the young people needs change. In recently years, English League is successful in Hong Kong, it has many factors such as the time of competition, and football player stars. However, the Spain League are willing to start early in the next year, and many stars transfer from English league to Spain League. It may make people prefer watch Spain league more. (http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/091120/4/fa0e.html) d) Technique supporting and customer service (extend) Cable TV had a developed supporting system early, but they dont improve anything. However, Now TV usually improves their Technique supporting system. I believe Now TV will have a developed system what is better than Cable in the coming several years. 6. Market strategies(extend) Pay-TV adopts the Concentrated Marketing (Kotler, P. and G. Armstrong 2008)(Where the organization concentrates its marketing effort on one particular segment. The firm will develop a product that caters for the needs of that particular group). The all detail marketing theory and suggestions will describe after the sampling interview. Research methods/ Methodologies Category Options The degree to which the research question has been crystallized Exploratory study Formal study The method of data collection Monitoring Communication Study The power of the researcher to produce effects in the variables under study Ex post facto The purpose of the study Reporting Descriptive Causal-Explanatory The time dimension Cross-sectional The topical scope Breadth and depth of the study Statistical The research environment Field setting The participants perceptional awareness of the research activity Actual routine The main purpose of our study is needed to find out the comparison of Cable TV and Now TV. We need to collect the primary data and secondary data to analysis the success factors each other. First, we collect the secondary data from internet to know backgrounds, histories, and the annual reports of each Pay TV Limited. and collecting other useful information on the internet, articles or relevant literature. Second, to use â€Å"Personal Interview† (Questionnaire) collecting the primary data. Indeed that information is related to our objective. We will design a set of questionnaire about 7ps. The method is taken by samples in Hong Kong (different regions in Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Territory), a half of male and female. It can be avoided unfair saturation. The sample size will be 100 to 150. The age distribution limits are around 18 to 65. Our survey method is face-to-face interview, after the interview well give them a little gift. (Such as coupon) We can understand the competitive advantage each other through the result of information and make the recommendations how to maintain market share and what service they need to improve. However, secondary data is limited, so we will get the information mainly come from primary data. Project Plan Refer to the page15 or Excel [project plan]

Architectural Classification of Memorials

Categorization OF MEMORIALS Memorials can be classified into assorted ways. Significant points that form the footing of categorization can be identifies as:Scope of audiencePermanence of the stuffEvocationArchitectureScope OF ARCHITECTUREMemorials can be classified based on range of audience in the followers:Public MemorialPrivate MemorialMemory is of import to all human existences. All human existences preserve commemorations in assorted signifiers. Human existences member their family in the signifier of sedate narratives or Samadhi, etc. Persons of broad acclamation and known for of import workss are society commemorated by the society. This gives u two signifiers of commemorations depending on the audience the memorial references.Private Memorialsare limited to the smaller communities or smaller parts of the society, e.g. Thayillam household tower. Thayillam household tower is a tower recollection erected by the household at Ayroor small town in cardinal Travancore, Kerla. The 32-foot tower has the names of 268 ascendants of the household crossing nine coevalss get downing from 1600AD. Such commemorations are rare as media other than architecture for continuing private memory are more popular and widespread. THE Devising OF A MEMORIAL What does really do a commemoration? By the virtuousness of which qualities do we name a construction a memorial? Are these qualities a step of a construction being a commemoration and operation as one? There are two chief factors that go into the devising of a memorial. These are the emotional factors and the architectural factors. Apart from the emotional facets, it is the assorted architectural facets, which are of import in rendering a construction. If the audience is straight hit by the event or is straight related to the individual that the memorial commemorates the emotional factor becomes stronger than the architectural factor. However, the emotional factor diminishes or dies out with clip ( as coevalss pass ) whereas the architectural characteristics remain more lasting through clip. In public commemoration, the full society is the audience. Ideally, the commemoration should show the position of the full society and therefore should turn to the whole society. Besides the commemoration has to be dateless i.e. to state it should be able to arouse the feeling in all the coevalss that it survives and unrecorded beyond its’ epoch. This is where architecture plays its portion. Architecture becomes the medium of arousing the emotions attached to the event/person that the memorial commemorates. Though commemorations have a intent, they frequently play certain different or added functions excessively. They may non be merely a ocular statement in the urbanscape but besides a political and a historical statement. The undermentioned subdivision throws some visible radiation on the maps, functions, symbolism, and the architectural rules the commemorations are based on.FUNCTION OF A MEMORIALThe premier map of a commemoration is to mark an event or a individual. This can be done through assorted mediums – architecture, art, sculpture, Hagiographas, talks, etc. Commemoration of an event or a individual is a really big term and the Functions of assorted commemorations can be farther broken up into inside informations.Memorials are shapers of memoryMemorials celebrate triumphMemorials mourn deceaseMemorials pay testimonial or honorMemorials express feelingsMemorials maintan historyMemorials display powerMemorials symbolizeMemorials are frequently national symbolsLife of a memorial can frequently be divided into stages. The impact of the memorial diminishes with clip. When the commemoration is made to mark an event, which has occurred late it has the greatest impact possible. The impact of the memorial alterations ( diminishes normally ) with progressing clip, newer coevalss, alteration in sociopolitical order, civilization, and other facets. Over a period of clip commemorations become inert going more memorials, meager reminders of what happened in the yesteryear. The three basic sorts of commemorations are:Memorials marking a individualMemorials marking an eventMemorials marking an emotionThese classs can be farther divided identifiable types. These are:SITINGLocating w.r.t the metropolis cloth could be:Away FROM THE CITY FABRICOn the main road ( en path )In the natural milieus ( remote )WITHIN THE CITY FABRICEn path Junctional Termination PointApproachApproach could be evaluated based on:EntranceWell definedNot so good definedNot definedPATH CONFIGUARTIONAxialBi-axialCoilingIndirectRadialPositionDirectObliqueCoilingSequence of positionsPATH OBJECT – REALTIONPath object relationPath-goal relation ( Termination of way w.r.t end )SpaceORGANIZATION OF SPACESLinearCentralizedRadialClusteredSequence of SpacesBased on:Hierarchy of infinitesFlow of infinitesTransitional infinites and elementsSPATIAL RELATIONSHIPSpace within a infiniteInter-locking infinitesAdjacent infinitesSpaces linked by a common infiniteFormForm could be evaluated based on:COMPOSITION OF FORMAgreement of the basic signifiersNature of the signifier ( linear or subtractive )Configuration OF THE FORMRegular ( centroidal or linear )IrregularFORM SPACE RELATIONKind of enclosureImpact of signifier on infiniteSCALE & A ; PROPORTIONEvaluated on the footing of:COMPREHENSIBILITY OF THE SCALEHuman graduated tableMonumental graduated tablePROPORTIO NING SystemBeing of proportioning system and deduction if anySymbolismSymbolism IN MEMORIALSymbolic contentSymbolism OF MEMORIALSAssociated valuesCHANGING ValuessAssociated values at the clip of construct, when built, and in clipMeans OF CONVEYING MEANINGSIndicationExemplificationMetaphorical lookMediated MentionsROLES OF A MEMORIALMemorials play assorted functions in the society or the urbanscape. These assorted functions played by commemorations can be identified as:Memorials as a political statementMemorials as a historical statementMemorials as a landmarkMEMORIALS AS A POLITIICAL STATEMENTAcommemoration has ever been and is the first and the first mark of power. History is a informant to the fact that merely the mighty and rich have been commemorated in a large manner and have been the 1s behind those brilliant architectural manifestations. Memorials of any sort are an attempt to commemorate man- to be celebrated by the future coevalss as a cultural testimony. Anything – an object, an event of sheer religion – that is larger than life and has surer opportunities of endurance has ever fascinated human being and adult male has ever tried to tie in himself with such an object, event etc. in a monumental manner.–Miki Desai Man has ever tried to tie in himself with something ‘that is larger than life’ and therefore his attempts have been directed towards making lasting architecture. This is one of the implicit in causes of many commemorations that have been erected all throughout history. Memorials are more or less governed by their demand to be lasting. This fact has led to the huge usage of rock, which is arguably one of the long permanent stuffs available, for commemorations or for that affair of fact for any other signifier of architecture required being lasting. Frequently commemorations have been a agency of self-propagation. WhenBartolomeo Colleonidied, he left money to hold a statue of himself erected in the chief square at Venice. Apparently, unable to throw out the petition wholly, the swayers of Venice decreed that Thursday statue be placed in the second-best square.MEMORIAL AS A HISTORICAL STATEMENTMemorial grade history, are the mileposts of history. Therefore, history can ne'er melt off. As said earlier commemorations over a period become inert one time the epoch has passed. After this point of clip, the memorial becomes a mere historical milepost reminding the undermentioned coevalss. Often commemorations were made with the purpose of go forthing a grade behind for the approaching coevalss, to be remembered longer than merely the life-time – an effort to commemorate the individual. Memorials serve as reminder of history and the present and assist the new coevalss to larn from it.SITINGAny memorial demands to be decently sited. If the commemoration is non decently sited ( decently located and has an appropriate context ) it may be unable to hold any impact on its audience. Siting is adjusted with regard to the metropolis cloth. The commemoration may be sitedoff from the metropolis clothorwithin the metropolis clothwith each holding it’s the ain giving up. One of the all right illustrations of good siting is the great Sanchi Stupa. King Ashoka really strategically and intelligently sited this whole composite ( monasteries, temples, and tope ) . Sanchi hill was located on an of import crossing of route and river paths. Vidisha the ancient capital was merely 7 kilometres off and was strategically situated along a major trade path fall ining the Patliputra and the western coastal ports. Locating can be evaluated based on:Locating w.r.t City FabricWhich could be:Away from the metropolis clothWithin the metropolis clothAway FROM THE CITY FABRICThe memorial sited off from the metropolis cloth could be either of the followers:On the main road ( en path )In the natural milieus ( remote )Rajiv Gandhi commemoration which has been sited off from the metropolis cloth lies on the main road and therefore could be described en path. Devals of Badabagh ( Jaisalmer country ) could be described as a distant location, off in the natural milieus.WITHIN THE CTY FABRICThe commemoration sited within the metropolis cloth could be:En pathJunctionalTermination PointTheDandi Yatra Statuecould be described as a memorial sited en path within the metropolis cloth. India gate is a good illustration of a junctional siting while, the Jaipur column is a good illustration of expiration point.SymbolismSymbolism in commemorations can be explained as the symbolic content of the commemorations. The si gnifier, graduated table, stuff, motive or the entire agreement of signifier, infinite, attacks, landscape etc. in unison could be symbolic. Symbolism of commemorations on the other manus would be the perceptual experience of the commemoration in entirety by the audience it addresses. Every commemoration will stand for an thought or an emotion and could be associated with certain values and significances. Though significances may fluctuate from individual to individual, the indispensable value would stay reasonably much invariable. Valuess and significances of a commemoration of a commemoration could alter with passing of clip or with a displacement of power. Thus the commemoration may non be associated with same significances and values as it may hold been when it was built. For illustration, the Jaipur Column in New Delhi ( located inRashtrapati Bhawan forecourt )could be associated with Imperial regulation, but today with a displacement of power it stands simply as a commemoration which marked the edifice of New Delhi. It evokes a feeling of regard from the multitudes alternatively of a feeling of bitterness ( towards the British regulation ) , as it would hold been in the times when it was built.HOW DO MEMORIALS CONVEY MANINGSThere are different ways in which the commemorations may convey significances, which depends on the pick made by the interior decorator. The four different ways in which this can be done is:Denotation ( direct )Exemplification ( architecturally exemplifying )Metaphorical ExpressionMedi ated refrencesMemorials or parts of it may be frequently read literally or denoted straight. In the instance of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. for illustration significances are denoted by infusions from Lincoln’s Speeches Lincoln carved into its walls and by the presence of a big statue of Lincoln himself. Memorials frequently play up certain belongingss to derive attending. The method relies upon architectural techniques and rules. Uses of strong axis, monumental graduated table, making a sense of wonder utilizing the disposed media are some of the methods that could be used. Lincoln memorial uses a solid-void beat on its E fascade pulling attending to its centre and to the statue placed inside the edifice. A more common agencies of conveying the significance is its metaphoric look. Most of the commemorations make usage of this means. The Lincoln commemoration is treated as a sort of parallel temple, with Lincoln taking the topographic point of a classical divinity. In this instance the metaphor is missed, the method is rather literally carved onto the wall above the statue: IN THIS TEMPLE AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE†¦SymbolismSymbolism IN MEMORIALSBased on:Evaluation of the symbolic contentSymbolism OF MEMORIALSbased on:Interpretation of the commemoration in entiretyIdentifiable associated valuesCHANGING ValuessBased on:Associated values at the clip of construct ( interior decorators purpose )Associated values after the building has been builtAssociated values at the period of clipMeans OF CONVEYING MEANINGSIndicationExemplificationMetaphorical lookMediated mentionsDecision Memorials are an of import portion of a man’s society and urbanscape. They play an of import function architecturally, politically, historically and society. The premier map is to show and they do it subtly yet really efficaciously. Architecture plays an of import function in the look of the commemoration. The chief characteristics of the design of the commemoration are:LocatingApproachSpaceFormScaleSymbolismHow and where the commemoration is located is of import for the design of the commemoration. A commemoration is a strong ocular statement and therefore demands to pull attending so that it can convey what it stands for. This can be done in two possible ways – either bylocatingthe commemoration at astrategic locationwhere it is possibleforit to derive that attending or holding amonumental Scalupus erythematosussuch that the memorial makes a powerful ocular statement or in other words attains that character of monumentality. Ideally, it would be best for a commemorati on to hold a strategic location and have a expansive graduated table, but both scale neodymium siting can be used to complement each other. Often monumentality is attained ina a memorial by clearly insulating it from other options. Scaleis besides s DeviCeof meaning, a agency of denoting domination, power, or simpleness. Monumental graduated tables attempt tooverpower the visitantthrough the consequence can be underplayed by utilizing certain stuffs and other characteristics such as the landscape depending on the purpose. A simple human graduated table is more comprehensible for the visitant enabling him to associate to the commemoration. Passageis of import for the commemorations to do an impact on the visitore totals’ head and to deduce entire attending. This is done through attack, which act as transitional infinites that would let the visiotr to alter the frame of head. Often te whole infinite has a certainsequence of visual aspectwith identifiablepassage elements and infinites. Often commemorations are marked by apparent hierarchy and a gradual flow of infinites. Formsused for commemorations aresymbolic. Most of them over a period have been imbibed with certain significances,while there is besides an on-going procedure of introducing newer signifiers vested with significances. Forms like obelisks, triumphal arches, columns, statues are celebrated signifiers of commemorations. Architectural and art motions consequence in newer signifiers for commemorations. Abstract sculptures a newer signifier of commemorations came in usage after their usage in art since early 20Thursdaycentury. Most important factor of the design of a commemoration is itssymbolism,the really factor that makes it distinguishable from other pieces of architecture, symbolism is used to convey the emotions or other non-physical facets, which form the beginning of that peculiar commemoration. Symbolism is the unseeable synergistic portion of the commemoration. Symbolism in commemorations can be identified as built-in symbolism, which comes through the usage of signifier, graduated table, stuffs, location, orientation, etc. and non-inherent symbolism, which appears in signifier of messages on plaques or other media and are uually imbibed into the interior decorator. A memorial utilizations certain symbolswhich are frequently common and hold same significances for everyone e.g. the inveted rifle capped with a soldier’s hemet in the war commemorations indicates the unknown soldier. The commemoration may expose its symbolic facets in assorted ways. These could be adirect indication, architect urally illustratedor ametaphorical look. Design of the memorial reflects THvitamin Epurposeof te commemoration. Often commemorations are delusory and the seeable purpose of the commemoration is non its existent purpose. Sepulchral monumnets or commemorations honouringthe dead are frequently made by the succecors, bespeaking more frequently their authorization than the ritual to honour the dead predecessor. Memorials, in the yearss of the point of view and authorization of those in power on their multitudes. Today with democracy as the prevailing signifier of the political order in the universe and strong emotions of nantionalism among citizens, th commemorations excessively have changed their behaviour. They are frequently vested with involvements refering the whole the whole society than those few in the power. This is non to state that commemorations are non a agency of exposing authorization, but that there is a important alteration in their usage. In additon, there is a important relation between commemorations and poli tical relations. Th altering times have besides had an impact on commemorations. With the rapid urban agglomerations, commemorations have been made to come out and decorateour route intersections. This could be rated as a sight’degradation’ in the design of the memorialson one manus and as a agency to make up one's mind the importance of the commemorations on the other. As has been already discussed how of import it is for commemorations excessively have transitional infinites and elements, which create the certain atmosphere and the visitants, undergo an experience. The siting of te commemorations on traffic circles deficiencies this belongings. The experince is uncomplete as the passage clip is cut down phenomenally. Therefore, these commemorations become mere decorations of our urbanscpae devoid of their basic belongingss, which their opposite numbers possess. This tendency could be argued as a agencies of make up one's minding the importance of the commemorations, but that would be prejudiced and can non be entertained. Arguably, this tendency is non new in the urban design and has been followed throughout history, but it must be pointed out that th manners of tranport wer besides slower than todays’ .